Lent, Have Mercy

Giving up TV for LentWell, friends, it is that time of year again: the (annoying) time of year when a great number of people in the world – for seemingly no particular reason at all – “give up something” for Lent. Buddhist, Protestant, Latin, Agnostic … they’re all in.

For many, it is nothing more than an attempt at “discipline.” We can liken this to “new year’s resolutions” – those pesky ideals that help drive retail sales of vitamins, energy bars and exercise equipment around the first two weeks of January. I say “an attempt at discipline,” because – for the most part – no one really follows through or makes it out of January alive. This is not because the ambitions are beyond one’s potential reach, necessarily, but because we live in a culture of excess, self-satisfaction and pleasure, and are simply ill-equipped (most of us having a “will” that is in bondage to sin and not wholly “free”) to handle the prospect of extended discipline.

In these cases, it doesn’t really matter what “faith tradition” one comes from, and the “fad” of “giving up stuff for Lent” is neither spiritual nor inherently Christian. It is empty, bare, legalistic, pseudo-asceticism practiced by those without any experience of true asceticism (or what that requires) at all. Like most things in America today, it is a trend that will eventually go by the wayside. One can only hope, honestly.

Continue reading

Hypocrisy as the American Dream

AntigoneNo doubt the result of several fairly recent historical developments, American “Christianity” has produced a whole generation of hypocrites. The hypocrisy of which I’m speaking is found most commonly at the individual level and is part and parcel of our relativistic, “whatever works for you” culture. To put it in fancy, theological words, American Christians have become ontologically and epistemologically Modalists.

Modalism (or Sabellianism) was a heresy that spread in the first few centuries of the Church and espoused that God was one Person but that He simply took on different “modes” or “forms” (as a single Person). God the Father was one “form,” and then He revealed Himself as the “form” of God the Son and then finally as God the Holy Spirit. At no one time were all three “forms” existing concurrently. It was as if God simply put on a different “mask” whenever it suited Him. This is a denial of the Orthodox view of the Trinity, of course, wherein God is three Persons in one Essence (without beginning or end).

Unfortunately, as an aside, there are many actual Modalist movements in the world today, such as some branches of Pentecostalism. Really, any “church” that emphasizes the Holy Spirit over Christ and the Father are semi-Modalist in scope, and this is easy to spot because of their emphasis on “experiences” of the Holy Spirit and ecstatic, chaotic nonsense – while they de-emphasize or undermine the role of the Church (which is the Body of Christ) and His Incarnation and role as its Head (remember, Christ said He would never leave us – cf. St Matt. 28:18-20) as well as the leadership role of men (a de-emphasis of the role of God the Father in the union of the Trinity) in the Church. In other words, just turn your television to TBN and you’ll see this clearly.

The word “hypocrite” comes from the Greek ὑπόκρισις which can mean “play-acting” or “coward” depending on the context, and was also used in reference to a stage actor in the ancient world. In other words, someone who played several different characters on stage was a “hypocrite,” as he adorned different masks, costumes and voices to play varying characters. He was not a solitary Person with a single “form,” but a Person with multiple “forms” or appearances, depending on the context (and never more than one “form” at once).

Continue reading

Clerical Dress and American Worship

An Eastern Orthodox priest.This might not be a very popular post …

Schmemann began his book For the Life of the World with the phrase “Man is what he eats,” quoting the German philosopher Feuerbach. In a similar fashion (wait for the pun), I believe that “man is what he wears.”

Yes, friends, the way we dress matters. It shapes and transforms the way we think, the way we work, the way we act and – most importantly for the Christian – the way we worship. While the rationalism of our Enlightenment culture might deny the effects of “matter” (you know, earthy stuff), simply denying the reality of something doesn’t make it true. Everyone knows that when you dress professionally, you are more productive and focused at work, and that dressing in a casual manner actually reduces productivity and the mental faculties of the average person – these are widely accepted viewpoints, it seems. In a similar way, surrounding yourself with certain decorations or trappings can affect the way one thinks and acts, as well. Aesthetics matter.

Continue reading

What to Read as an “Orthodox Inquirer”

An Orthodox Icon of St Athanasius the Great of AlexandriaAs a follow up to my previous post, I thought it might be helpful to provide a “recommended reading” list for those who are at varying points on their journey to the Orthodox Church.

This list won’t necessarily be objective or even a “perfect” list that will be helpful to everyone, irrespective of their background, experiences, etc. However, for those who are, 1. Somewhat familiar with basic theological concepts and the Scriptures, and, 2. Coming from a Protestant background, these are the things I would personally endorse (at least as a starting point).

As a disclaimer, I should emphasize that beyond reading some helpful books and other ancient works, actually experiencing Orthodox prayer and worship (so far as the non-Orthodox can experience it) is absolutely essential. In other words, one should be regularly attending services at an Orthodox parish, be in communication with and under the careful, spiritual guidance/oversight of an Orthodox priest and also regularly engaged in a prayer rule (even if it is just as simple as the Trisagion prayers or the Lord’s Prayer every day).

Without these elements, you are just “puffing up” and wasting your time. You will, by no means, actually understand or begin to experience the fullness of the Orthodox Church. In fact, you might even be calloused against it, and the Evil One will likely try to use this experience (separated from the Life of the Church) to arouse doubt, suspicion and animosity with regards to the ancient Faith (from which you may never recover). Approaching the Orthodox Church is not a merely intellectual endeavor – it requires the nous and the devotion of one’s heart (the whole self).

Continue reading

Book Review: “Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy”

"Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy" by Fr Andrew Stephen (Damick)I normally don’t think about this sort of thing in great detail, but since I’m presently spending time with a catechumen on a regular basis, I’m developing a “mental list” of the top 10 or so books one should recommend to an inquirer of the Orthodox Faith. This book is one of those 10, and it might even be in the top five.

Fr Andrew Stephen (Damick) is the protos of an Orthodox parish in Emmaus, PA and has a series of podcasts (available here) on various Orthodox topics – most of which are particularly helpful for those outside of the Orthodox Church or relatively new to it. His book Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy (available here and here) is an expansion and codification of one of those podcast series by the same name.

Continue reading

I Love Religion

Orthodox Temple of Saint Sava

I’m glad that Fr Andrew replied to this silly video – it saves me a lot of trouble.

Regardless, a key here is that simply saying “All I need is Jesus, not religion” is the most complicated religion of all, for all it does is pose an infinite amount of follow-up questions: Which Jesus? Who is Jesus? What did he do? Why do I need him? How do I live for him? etc.

Continue reading

Tim Tebow and the Saints

All the SaintsThe recent Tim Tebow fascination and hysteria (among evangelicals, especially) is a reminder of the fact that most Americans (especially American, evangelical Christians) are held captive by Iconoclasm.

As C.S. Lewis once pointed out, when there is no king or monarch to venerate (honor), people will seek out celebrities and even deviants to hold up as worthy of honor. This, of course, explains the American fascination (voyeurism) with regards to celebrities (TMZ, Entertainment Tonight, People magazine, etc.) as well as “reality television” – a most horrendous form of entertainment where literally anyone can be venerated for simply pretending to live their day-to-day lives in front of a television camera.

Continue reading

Putting the “Mass” Back into Christmas (and Other Bumper Sticker Ideas)

Icon of the Nativity of ChristI’ve seen a lot of rather lovely blog posts, articles, etc. from fellow Orthodox Christians these days regarding the Christmas holiday season.

Of course, living in America (or the secular West in general) during Christmas season means having to endure countless references to an elven “Santa” figure – a mythical product of Evangel-o-Deistic-Protestant-Capital-ism where one of the Church’s most holy, upright and Godly Saints is turned into an enduring symbol for capitalism and materialistic consumption – Lord, have mercy!

In addition to this, we must also endure the predictable rants of evangelicals as they lament over the usage of phrases like “Happy Holidays!” instead of “Merry Christmas!” as well as “Xmas” on Twitter.

Continue reading

Israel as the People of God – Part Two: The Land of Israel

Read Part One: Who is a Jew?

Jerusalem in the present day

So then, what promises did God make to the Hebrews regarding the land of Israel, and how does that correlate to the modern nation-state of Israel in the middle east today?

This is where things get really dicey, especially when considering present-day politics and the beliefs of evangelical Christians on this very point.

Considering that the “Christian vote” essentially determines an election in the U.S. and that evangelical Christians represent a large segment of American, Christian voters (dwarfed only by Roman Catholics), any candidate that doesn’t wholeheartedly support the nation-state of Israel has written for themselves a death sentence (as Obama has learned recently, with his less-than-stellar relationship with Benyamin Netanyahu and suggesting that Israel give back some land to the Palestinians).

Continue reading

American Idol-atry

Emperor Saint Theodosius the GreatI read online yesterday that the situation in the colonies prior to the Revolutionary War was so mild compared to today, that we really have no reason to be celebrating our independence from Great Britain any longer.

And yet, here we are – another year replete with conflict, economic turmoil, violation of humanity and the most idolatry ever known to mankind in its entire history – celebrating our independence from the Brits and their “oppressive” King.

Really, the financial tribute we had to give to King George was pennies compared to the way Americans are taxed and abused by the IRS today. If anything, we should be staging a revolution to go back in time and remain under his authority!

Continue reading

Israel as the People of God – Part One: Who is a Jew?

Orthodox Icon of the Holy Prophet MosesMost evangelical Christians today believe that the “Jews” are the true ”children of God” and that they hold a distinct place in “God’s eyes” from that of the Church, despite their rejection of the Messiah (Jesus) and His Gospel – and subsequently, their rejection of traditional and Scriptural “Judaism” or the religion of the ancient Hebrew people (as taught by the “old testament” Scriptures). In other words, the Church is just a bump on the log of redemptive history, and the “main event” revolves around the Jewish people.

To even begin to dive into this subject (which is extremely controversial in the present day, especially among American, evangelical sects of Christianity), it is necessary to take a giant leap backwards and consider many ideas and concepts individually, in order to do this overview any justice whatsoever. While these viewpoints are a drastic minority in both present day Christianity and in Church history, they represent an extremely influential viewpoint among protestants in the United States (but this has been the case only since the mid-19th century).

For example:

Who are the Jews, and what makes one “Jewish?”

What promises did God make to the Hebrews regarding the land of Israel, and how does that correlate to the modern nation-state of Israel in the middle east today?

What do the Scriptures say regarding Israel and how the Hebrew people are to be considered in relation to the Christian Church?

It is along these three questions that I will attempt to give an extremely brief and broad-reaching analysis of Israel as the “people of God.”

Continue reading

John Wycliffe – An Orthodox Saint?

John Wycliffe (AD 1328 – 1384) is heralded by many protestants and evangelicals as one of the primary figures that helped pave the way for the protestant reformation (which began just two centuries following the first copying of the “Wycliffe Bible”). Many even refer to him as the “Morning Star” of the reformation.

A page from the Wycliffe translation of St John's GospelLiving in the 14th century world of the Latin west, Wycliffe had the audacity to translate the Scriptures of his day (the Latin Vulgate) into the then-vulgar language of Middle English (with the help of several contributors, Wycliffe did not do all of this work alone).

The Latin Vulgate was a compilation of translations from both Hebrew and Greek manuscripts (and some Aramaic, e.g. the books of Tobit and Judith), completed by Saint Jerome in the latter half of the 4th century. And while St Jerome (who was doing all of this translation work at the command of Pope Damasus of Rome in AD 382) preferred the Hebrew text, the Tradition of the Church clearly sided with that of the Greek and the Septuagint. This was due, in no small part, to the arguments and persuasions of Blessed Augustine of Hippo, who insisted that the books St Jerome referred to as “apocryphal” were indeed canonical and part of sacred Scripture.

Continue reading

The Prophecy of Joel, Israel, the Eucharist, Hell … and the Church

A painting of the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70

Radical “end times” fascination abounds right now in the West, and has for the last century or so.

Since many people’s interpretations of the Scriptures are focused around Israel and the happenings in and around the middle east, many are finding a new reason daily to expect the imminent return of Christ and something called the “rapture.”

This sort of “newspaper theology” as I’ve heard Gary Demar and others refer to it is not only an unnecessary cause of anxiety but also a poor reading of the Scriptures and one markedly absent from the history of the Church (until recently, at least, and only in the protestant “West”).

I was reading a blog by one such evangelical about two weeks ago on the prophecy of Joel and how it is being fulfilled today through particular world events (most of which pertaining to the modern nation-state of Israel, Russia, the United States, etc.). This person noticeably ignored the fact that Saint Peter  said that Joel was fulfilled in the first century and in the pouring out of the Holy Spirit on the apostles on the day of Pentecost, AD 33 (cf. Acts of the Apostles, Ch. 2). The remainder of the prophecy is easily seen fulfilled in the events following the sending of the Holy Spirit and leading up to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70 (which Christ also predicted, and in the exact time frame he predicted it! – within one generation).

Seeing this rather silly post on Joel led me to study this short prophetic work and to see what the mind of the Orthodox fathers is on these prophecies and descriptions surrounding Israel, etc. Rather than finding any references to Israel as a nation, instead I found an abundance of fascinating and helpful admonitions and insights regarding the Church - the true Israel.

Continue reading

Truly Simple Christianity

“Moreover, my son, guard yourself, for there is no end to the making of many books, and much study is weariness of the flesh.”
Ecclesiastes 12:12 LXX

Christianity is about becoming as Christ – in other words, to seek to live up to our namesake. “It is fitting, then, not only to be called ‘Christians,’ but to be so in reality” (St Ignatius of Antioch).

As some have put it, it is “to become by Grace what Christ is by nature.”

There are always two ends of a spectrum, either of which being extremes. The truth is typically a more fluid – and less “black and white” – somewhere-in-between.

Christianity has been reduced by many in our times as Christ-plus-nothing.

That sounds pretty good to me, assuming that means we also know who Christ is, why He came to earth, why we should worship Him, what He accomplished, what He hopes for us to accomplish through Him, and so forth. Sadly, many are often discouraged from investigating any one of these questions with much detail and to simply “experience God” in a rather undefined and therefore indeterminate (and impossibly shared) manner. The irony with such a perspective is that these people are often (not always) the most legalistic, fundamentalist and rules-based people in all of Christianity.

“Theology” is considered a four-letter word for some reason, even though all theology really needs to mean is prayer and intimacy with God in order to not only be more united to Him but to also reflect Him in our lives more clearly. For the Orthodox, this too is essentially synonymous with salvation.

Really, there is no more complicated Christianity than that which says “Jesus alone and nothing else,” considering the multitude of questions this statement begs. Perhaps this is why so many ultimately find this approach unfulfilling and are led to seek truth, beauty and fulfillment elsewhere. Then again, many do not.

Continue reading

I’m Not a “Believer”

“I believe, O Lord; help Thou mine unbelief.”
Gospel of St Mark 9:24

There seems to have been a subtle shift over the last few decades or so.

Icon of Abraham and the Sacrifice of IsaacThe name “Christian” is one that was first applied to the followers of Christ in AD 42 when our own Church (the Church of Antioch) was founded by the Apostle Peter (cf. Acts of the Apostles 11:26). To be a Christian is to be a “little Christ” or “little Messiah“; it is to be like the Messiah or like Christ; to imitate Him and live as He lived.

In other words, actions speak louder than words.

All will be judged according to deeds and faithfulness (St John 5:28-29), not mental assent or the prowess of one’s intellect regarding Theology. Jesus will be there to say “well done, my good and faithful servant” (Gospel of St Matthew 25:23, emphasis mine), not “well believed, my smart and cunning believer.”  There is no room for “easy believe-ism” in the kingdom of God, and the Christian life is one that requires much work and effort, cooperating with the Grace of God (synergy) as we work out our salvation with fear and trembling (Philippians 2:12).

As a brief aside: I am, of course, talking about people who have the capability to live out their lives as Christians, and the mercy and infinite love of God towards little children or invalids who are limited in how they can act out their faith is beyond the scope of this discussion; we can thankfully leave them in the loving arms of God the Father, without worry.

The shift I mentioned above is how I’ve noticed evangelical Christians almost exclusively refer to themselves and others within their organizations as “believers” these days. You will almost never hear the term “Christian” used and many times you will not hear references to “the Church,” most likely in order to avoid associations with stodgy, old-fashioned religion.

So is there something wrong with being called a believer?

Not necessarily, but the concern I have is that this transition has been made in order to suit a version of Christianity that is at odds with Scripture and the Tradition of the Church.

Continue reading

Banking with Jesus

Money Money Money

I remember hearing sermons about “tithing” when I was an evangelical, and how if you tithed, God would bless you and take care of you. We were always told not to worry about being able to pay bills and make ends meet when tithing, because basically God would “take care of it” somehow, even if it was a rational fact that you’d be out of money before the next paycheck (if you tithed that magical 10% of your gross income).

Now, I’m not about to say that this is complete nonsense. I’m tempted to, but I won’t quite go there.

I know of many cases where people were struggling to make ends meet, but they continued to tithe and they were “okay” in the end. They made ends meet and the tithing didn’t bankrupt them or put them on the streets. Of course, most evangelical Christians would attribute this to God’s care for these people, and I can’t say I disagree, really.

That said, I don’t believe “tithing” is some magical means of investment banking with Jesus. I know there are many heterodox “charismatic” people that do believe this, and preach almost exclusively along these lines. Some call this a “prosperity gospel” where the purpose of the gospel is essentially boiled down to prosperity and being rewarded for faithfulness. To this, I wholeheartedly cry foul. This is truly nonsense.

Continue reading