Hard to Be (a Christian)

David Bazan is an indie-rock musician that once fronted and originated a musical group called “Pedro the Lion,” an easy-listening indie band with some distinctly religious overtones.

David grew up in a typical, evangelical, Protestant family in America, and the faith of his childhood came through in most of his music (whether explicitly or subtly), even when he was being snarky or contrary (often merely for the sake of being snarky and contrary, it seems). When he shuffled off to a solo career a few years ago, his music took a decidedly post-Christian direction and his lyrics and beliefs are now seemingly anti-Christian and a platform for “writing off” his once-adored childhood faith. One such song (that is a great song, from a purely musical and artistic standpoint), called “Hard to Be” makes his de-formation rather clear:

Fresh from the soil, we were beautiful and true
In control of our emotions, ’til we ate the poison fruit

And now it’s hard to be a decent human being

Wait just a minute, you expect me to believe
That all this misbehaving grew from one enchanted tree?

And helpless to fight it, we should all be satisfied
With this magical explanation for why the living die?

And why it’s hard to be a decent human being

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Jesus is the Temple

Jesus Cleanses the TempleThe Holy Gospel According to John is the most “mystical” of all the holy scriptures.

In fact, this book is so “deep” and filled with Mystery that the Church only reads it during the Paschal season (there are no catechumens left, all having been baptized on Holy Saturday), as it should not be shared with the uninitiated.

It shows an absolute disregard for the sanctity of the scriptures (and a lack of understanding or historical grounding) that people would today use this particular Gospel as an “evangelization tool.” But, I digress.

One of the central themes (and it would be easy to identify dozens of “central” themes) of this Gospel is that Jesus Christ has recreated the Temple in Himself (and therefore in the Church, as the Body of Christ). There are many scholarly places where this subject has been poured over in great detail (listed at the end of this post for further reading, should you so desire). As usual, my hope is to “boil it down” for everyone to see and understand as easily as possible.

In John’s Gospel, we not only see the Temple recreated through the ministry and miracles of Christ, but also a fulfillment of the three great feasts of the Temple’s liturgical, annual cycle: Pentecost, Passover and Tabernacles (in addition, the feast of Dedication, which began in the time of the Maccabean revolt). It is during these great feasts that Christ performs the seven “signs,” and each of these signs in turn teach us about both Baptism and the Eucharist, as well.

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Precious Stones and Stars in the Sky

ChosenThe High Priest of Israel entered into the holiest recesses of the Temple while wearing a breastplate (Hebrew חֹשֶׁן or “choshen“) adorned with precious stones and jewels, along with the mysterious Urim and Thummim. The scriptures record:

“And you shall make an oracle of judgments [...] And you shall interweave in it a four-rowed, stone-holding web. A row of stones shall be sardius, topaz and emerald, the first row, and the second row carbuncle and lapis lazuli and jasper, and the third row ligurion and agate and amethyst, and the fourth row chrysolite and beryl and onyx, covered around by gold, bounded up together in gold; let them be according to their row. And let the stones  be from the names of the sons of Israel, twelve corresponding to their names; let them be engraving of seals, each corresponding to the name for the twelve tribes.”
Exodus (28:15,17-21 LXX)

There are several interesting things going on here, all of which have far-reaching implications.

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Broad and Narrow Gates

Orthodox Icon of the Patriarch Abraham

“Enter by the narrow gate, for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and many are those who enter by it. How narrow is the gate, and how pressing is the way that leads to life! Few are those who find it.”
According to St Matthew (7:13-14, PT)

What Jesus describes here in the Gospel is not a completely novel concept or idea that he just made up on the spot. This dichotomy between a narrow and broad gate — one leading to “life” and the other to “destruction” — was likely already very much a part of Second Temple Jewish (and therefore early Christian) apocalypticism.

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Symbol / Devil

The TransfigurationOne of the most distinguished characteristics of the Orthodox Church is the nuanced (some might say “eastern” or “Greek”) understanding of “symbol” that is transcendant and goes beyond mere externals or the recesses of one’s brain. The concept of “symbol” for most people in the west today is — in the words of the reposed Fr Alexander Schmemann: “an illustration whose purpose can be termed pedagogic or educational.” In other words, a symbol merely points to or teaches about an idea or concept, but offers no real or transcendant connection to anything beyond itself. In Orthodoxy, however, a symbol is a gateway or “window” to something beyond itself; it is something that truly connects the person with the thing signified.

I’m sure most of my readers have heard the phrase “windows to heaven” applied to Icons (the devotional “artwork” or paintings of the Orthodox Church). While many in the west today would be uncomfortable with this insinuation, I actually find it to be quite soft. It doesn’t really emphasize enough just how vital the connection is between the “symbol” (or “Icon;” Greek “eikon“) and that which is symbolized. When I think of looking through a “window,” I don’t think of a real connection or experience of that which is on the other side — it is a mere contemplation or observation of these things. With Icons (or other religious symbols), on the other hand, the connection and experience of that which is depicted is real, transcendant and even transformative.

What’s most intriguing (especially for those not fluent in Greek) is that the opposite of symbol (symbolos) in Greek is the word for “division” or “separation” — diabolos. That’s right — devil. Separation/dis-unity and “devil” are synonymous, both in concept and in the personification of Satan and his fallen angels. One can see this in a number of ways in sacred scripture, as well. For example, the consequence of sin is death, which is another way of stating “separation” or “division” from God, Who is Life. When Christ promised the apostles that the Church would never be prevailed against, He intimated that the enemy at the gates was “the gates of Hades” — that is, the gates of death or the gates of schism/division.

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Dating the Apocalypse

An Orthodox Icon of St John the Theologian and the Deacon Prochorus on the island of Patmos

There is an assumption among a lot of scholars today that the new testament book of Revelation was written near the end of the first century or the beginning of the second (by the apostle John of Zebedee). However, I believe that this assumption is faulty and based upon a lot of conjecture and speculation. The “late date” belief is based upon the writing of Saint Irenaeus of Lyons, and wrongly asserts that he says it was written during the reign of Domitian (reigned AD 81-96), when in actuality the publication and distribution of the writing is in view. On the other hand, there is good reason to believe that John’s three catholic/universal epistles (1-3 John) were composed near the end of the first century. Given this, that would mean the Antichrist/Antichrists and the “beast from out of the earth” of the Apocalypse or the “Man of Sin” in Saint Paul’s 2nd Epistle to the Thessalonians are likely not the same figures, since he was writing so long after the Romans had destroyed the Temple and the “abomination of desolation” was committed (yet again) in the Temple’s Holy of Holies.

On the other end of the spectrum is the “earlier date” view, which asserts that John died at the hands of Jews before AD 58. While this is not very likely, Saint Epiphanius of Salamis (reposed AD 403) claims that the apostle John “prophesied in the time of Claudius” (AD 41-54). While I believe that this date is too early (and I question the idea that John died as a martyr, and not peacefully in Ephesus where he had cared for the Theotokos), it nevertheless places the composition of Revelation (or at least the vision upon which it was based) prior to the destruction of Jerusalem.

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The Man of Sin; the Beast of the Earth

NeroAs a follow-up to a previous post, I wanted to briefly give some thoughts and comments on the identification of the “Beast of the Earth” in St John’s Apocalypse, which many throughout Church history have commonly associated with the “Man of Sin” in St Paul’s 2 Epistle to the Thessalonians (2:3).

Others will even associate these two figures with that of the Antichrist, although it is my personal opinion that “Antichrist” is an apostasy or “falling away from the faith,” as St John indicates it is a “spirit” of many Antichrists, not a singular figure in history; Many had come, and many were yet to come (and these are those who apostatized back to Judaism or refused to acknowledge that Jesus was the Christ/Messiah of Israel).

Regardless, I believe this figure known as the “Man of Sin” and “Beast of the Earth” was fulfilled in the singular person of Caesar Nero (reigned AD 54-68) of the Roman empire. Again, this presumes an early date (for which there is ample evidence) for the writing of the book of Revelation/Apocalypse (pre-AD 70, before the destruction of Jerusalem/the Temple).

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The Identity of the Antichrist

The Archangel Michael slaying the AntichristAmong those who adhere to a radical “end times” philosophy (especially in our day), there is much attention paid to the Apocalypse to St John, or the book of Revelation.

A great deal of the concern is over the figure of the Antichrist, and there is an abundance of rather interesting, humorous and ridiculous speculation regarding who this figure may or may not be. The irony, however, is that this figure (the Antichrist) is not mentioned once in the book of Revelation.

Further, the approach taken by these so-called Biblical scholars is a hermeneutical method I would call the “delusional-arrogant” method, whereby one assumes everything that’s happening in one’s lifetime is some sort of fulfillment of Biblical prophecy and that such a person is living in the most important era in Christian/redemptive history. Of course, people around the world have behaved this way in practically every generation, and – in a very real sense – they’ve all been wrong. Gary Demar and his ilk have likened this approach to “newspaper exegesis,” as one interprets every war, earthquake and rumbling of apocalyptic fervor recorded in the news as some sort of direct fulfillment of Biblical (self-fulfilling) prophecy. It is all absurdity, and shows just how full of ourselves (or full of something else) we can become.

As one example, then, I shall briefly examine the identity of this figure called the “Antichrist” by the Theologian and apostle Saint John.

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Hinting at a Future Post

The so-called “Lord’s Prayer” (the “Our Father) is a prayer for the “end of the world,” or the “end of the age.”

It is a prayer for the apocalypse, the parousia of Christ.

It is a prayer for Maranatha.

“Thy Kingdom come […] on earth as it is in heaven.”

But … it isn’t a prayer about the future.

More on Melchizedek as Christ (and Elohim)

Just a brief addition to my previous post:

“And it will be proclaimed at the end of days concerning the captives, as He said, ‘To proclaim liberty to the captives.’

Its interpretation is that He will assign them to the Sons of Heaven and to the inheritance of Melchizedek; for He will cast their lot amid the portions of Melchizedek, who will return them there and will proclaim to them liberty, forgiving them of all their iniquities. And the Day of Atonement is the end of the tenth Jubilee, when all the Sons of Light and the men of the lot of Melchizedek will be atoned for. And a statute concerns them to provide them with their rewards.

For this is the moment of the Year of Grace for Melchizedek. And he will, by his strength, judge the holy ones of God, executing judgement as it is written concerning him in the Songs of David, who said, ELOHIM has taken his place in the divine council; in the midst of the gods he holds judgement [...] And Melchizedek will avenge the vengeance of the judgements of God [...] and he will drag them from the hand of Belial.”

Dead Sea Scrolls, Cave 11 (11Q13), the “Melchizedek document”