Lent, Have Mercy

Giving up TV for LentWell, friends, it is that time of year again: the (annoying) time of year when a great number of people in the world – for seemingly no particular reason at all – “give up something” for Lent. Buddhist, Protestant, Latin, Agnostic … they’re all in.

For many, it is nothing more than an attempt at “discipline.” We can liken this to “new year’s resolutions” – those pesky ideals that help drive retail sales of vitamins, energy bars and exercise equipment around the first two weeks of January. I say “an attempt at discipline,” because – for the most part – no one really follows through or makes it out of January alive. This is not because the ambitions are beyond one’s potential reach, necessarily, but because we live in a culture of excess, self-satisfaction and pleasure, and are simply ill-equipped (most of us having a “will” that is in bondage to sin and not wholly “free”) to handle the prospect of extended discipline.

In these cases, it doesn’t really matter what “faith tradition” one comes from, and the “fad” of “giving up stuff for Lent” is neither spiritual nor inherently Christian. It is empty, bare, legalistic, pseudo-asceticism practiced by those without any experience of true asceticism (or what that requires) at all. Like most things in America today, it is a trend that will eventually go by the wayside. One can only hope, honestly.

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Orthodox Milk

“We have much to say [...] but it is hard to explain because you have become slow at understanding. For although by this time you should be teachers, you still need to have someone teach you even the basic principles of God’s oracles. You have come to need milk, and not solid food. Everyone who lives on milk is not experienced in the word of righteousness; such a person is a baby. But solid food is for those who are fully grown, who have trained their senses to discern good and evil.”
Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Hebrews 5:11-14

Milk from GreeceI think we Orthodox Christians in the United States underestimate just how much our culture influences, shapes and controls us, and that in a profoundly negative way. Orthodox Christianity “across the pond” has been through some interesting times, to say the least.

What was once really no more than a small, newly-founded missionary effort has since become a place of excitement and the locus of promising growth for the Orthodox Church – even in spite of the many difficulties that were presented by the communist rule over Russia and into eastern Europe in recent memory (and our disconnect with their past). But still, despite the introduction of Orthodoxy to the American culture in the last century or so, we must come to grips with the predominate, individualistic, “whatever works for you” worldview that pervades every aspect of society (and churches).

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Hypocrisy as the American Dream

AntigoneNo doubt the result of several fairly recent historical developments, American “Christianity” has produced a whole generation of hypocrites. The hypocrisy of which I’m speaking is found most commonly at the individual level and is part and parcel of our relativistic, “whatever works for you” culture. To put it in fancy, theological words, American Christians have become ontologically and epistemologically Modalists.

Modalism (or Sabellianism) was a heresy that spread in the first few centuries of the Church and espoused that God was one Person but that He simply took on different “modes” or “forms” (as a single Person). God the Father was one “form,” and then He revealed Himself as the “form” of God the Son and then finally as God the Holy Spirit. At no one time were all three “forms” existing concurrently. It was as if God simply put on a different “mask” whenever it suited Him. This is a denial of the Orthodox view of the Trinity, of course, wherein God is three Persons in one Essence (without beginning or end).

Unfortunately, as an aside, there are many actual Modalist movements in the world today, such as some branches of Pentecostalism. Really, any “church” that emphasizes the Holy Spirit over Christ and the Father are semi-Modalist in scope, and this is easy to spot because of their emphasis on “experiences” of the Holy Spirit and ecstatic, chaotic nonsense – while they de-emphasize or undermine the role of the Church (which is the Body of Christ) and His Incarnation and role as its Head (remember, Christ said He would never leave us – cf. St Matt. 28:18-20) as well as the leadership role of men (a de-emphasis of the role of God the Father in the union of the Trinity) in the Church. In other words, just turn your television to TBN and you’ll see this clearly.

The word “hypocrite” comes from the Greek ὑπόκρισις which can mean “play-acting” or “coward” depending on the context, and was also used in reference to a stage actor in the ancient world. In other words, someone who played several different characters on stage was a “hypocrite,” as he adorned different masks, costumes and voices to play varying characters. He was not a solitary Person with a single “form,” but a Person with multiple “forms” or appearances, depending on the context (and never more than one “form” at once).

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Clerical Dress and American Worship

An Eastern Orthodox priest.This might not be a very popular post …

Schmemann began his book For the Life of the World with the phrase “Man is what he eats,” quoting the German philosopher Feuerbach. In a similar fashion (wait for the pun), I believe that “man is what he wears.”

Yes, friends, the way we dress matters. It shapes and transforms the way we think, the way we work, the way we act and – most importantly for the Christian – the way we worship. While the rationalism of our Enlightenment culture might deny the effects of “matter” (you know, earthy stuff), simply denying the reality of something doesn’t make it true. Everyone knows that when you dress professionally, you are more productive and focused at work, and that dressing in a casual manner actually reduces productivity and the mental faculties of the average person – these are widely accepted viewpoints, it seems. In a similar way, surrounding yourself with certain decorations or trappings can affect the way one thinks and acts, as well. Aesthetics matter.

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A Way that Seems Right – A Meditation on St Mark of Ephesus

Orthodox Icon of Saint Mark of EphesusIt would be safe to say that receiving the approval of others is highly desired among most people today.

This applies not only in one’s “personal life” (if one actually has one) but also in their “professional life,” where the careful manipulation and posturing of relationships can be the “key to success,” so to speak. The scariest part about this is that when we begin to segment our lives along such boundaries (personal and professional), the lines between these aspects of our life become blurred and things begin to overlap.

While it may be considered clever and even acceptable to manipulate people in a professional environment in order to be “successful” (for example, “buddying up” with the right executive or senior employee in a company in order to leverage that relationship for career advancement, even if that means doing things or being in situations a Christian should not), most people would hopefully agree that in your “personal life,” people are to be treated fairly and as you would wish to be treated – with honesty, love, dignity and respect. Unfortunately, however, the lines are blurred and we are now manipulating everyone around us and simply “using people” for personal gain. Things like truth take a backseat in such meanderings and it is easy to see how this lifestyle can cause a person to degenerate to the point of pure selfishness. We live only for ourselves, and we only seek that which is a benefit for ourselves in this life. It is the very disposition that reached for the prized fruit of Eden and took a big bite.

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I Love Religion

Orthodox Temple of Saint Sava

I’m glad that Fr Andrew replied to this silly video – it saves me a lot of trouble.

Regardless, a key here is that simply saying “All I need is Jesus, not religion” is the most complicated religion of all, for all it does is pose an infinite amount of follow-up questions: Which Jesus? Who is Jesus? What did he do? Why do I need him? How do I live for him? etc.

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Tim Tebow and the Saints

All the SaintsThe recent Tim Tebow fascination and hysteria (among evangelicals, especially) is a reminder of the fact that most Americans (especially American, evangelical Christians) are held captive by Iconoclasm.

As C.S. Lewis once pointed out, when there is no king or monarch to venerate (honor), people will seek out celebrities and even deviants to hold up as worthy of honor. This, of course, explains the American fascination (voyeurism) with regards to celebrities (TMZ, Entertainment Tonight, People magazine, etc.) as well as “reality television” – a most horrendous form of entertainment where literally anyone can be venerated for simply pretending to live their day-to-day lives in front of a television camera.

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Jesus Didn’t Perform Miracles

“At that time, as Jesus passed on from there, two blind men followed him, crying aloud, ‘Have mercy on us, Son of David.’ When he entered the house, the blind men came to him; and Jesus said to them, ‘Do you believe that I am able to do this?’ They said to him, ‘Yes, Lord.’ Then he touched their eyes, saying, ‘According to your faith be it done to you.’ And their eyes were opened.”
Gospel According to St Matthew, Chapter 9

The Two Blind Men and ChristI can remember hearing this passage over and over again as I grew up, all the while thinking “look at this miracle Jesus performed!”

Jesus didn’t perform a miracle in this passage. Miracle implies that this was something super-natural or out of the ordinary – something not according to normalcy; not according to plan, so to speak.

However, the healing of pain, sickness, disease and all infirmity is inextricably linked with the Gospel itself. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is a Gospel of resurrection and triumph over death. “Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death; And upon those in the tomb, bestowing life.”

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The Assembly

An Orthodox priest celebrating the EucharistThe Church or ekklesia of Christ is just as the word implies: an assembly or gathering of Christians from all places.

This necessarily implies, as well, the transcendence of the Church as an assembly/gathering of God’s people. If the Church is truly an assembly of God’s people, then that includes all of God’s people from all times (and places).

It is no wonder, then, that the Orthodox have come to believe in the “local” existence of the Church in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. Not only is the Eucharist the true body and blood of Jesus Christ but also the Church itself is the body of Christ – there’s a “dual” reality of the body of Christ necessarily involved in both the Church and the Eucharist.

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Sealed!

Hagia Irene, where the Second Ecumenical Council occurred in Constantinople

Those who embrace Orthodoxy and join the number of those who are being saved from the heretics … these we receive when they hand in statements and anathematize every heresy which is not of the same mind as the Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church of God. They are first sealed or anointed with holy chrism on the forehead, eyes, nostrils, mouth and ears. As we seal them we say: “Seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit!”

Ecumenical Council at Constantinople, Canon 7, AD 381

Israel as the People of God – Part Three: Israel and the Church

Read Part One: Who is a Jew?
Read Part Two: The Land of Israel

As I come to my last entry on this subject, I must admit that this is to me the simplest and most straightforward point one could make with regards to Israel. While I grew up in a tradition that wrongly saw the Jews of today as “God’s chosen people” and in a place of favor even greater than that of the Church, I now believe the truth – and it seems to be a rather plain one in the Scriptures. I find it hard to understand how people can miss this who claim such an admiration for the Scriptures, but I digress. This isn’t about pointing fingers – I was there once. Lord, have mercy on us all.

So then, the last topic to cover with regards to Israel as the “people of God” is how Israel relates to the Church.

To put it plainly, the Church is Israel; that is, the Church replaces and takes its place as Israel or God’s “chosen people,” called out from the world and set apart as His own.

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Of Calendars and Schismatics

Another area of pointed legalism (and even schism) within the Orthodox Church today is around the calendar – that is, the debate over whether the Church (“old”) calendar or the “New” (revised Julian) calendar is truly Orthodox and “valid.” The main issue I have – and indeed, all Orthodox Christians should have – with these contemporary debates (despite the fact that they have led to schism and an abandonment of Apostolic Succession by some) is that they are irrelevant.

That’s right – irrelevant.

How tragic and sad that a small group of otherwise Orthodox Christians have decided to separate themselves from the Church over such a meaningless issue. While the fear of Ecumenism (a heresy in the Orthodox Church) in the day the calendar was revised is a noble one, this is not an area in particular where one should split the proverbial hair. A hair that grounds the Church in the world and its constraints rather than in the transcendence of the Eucharist and the eternal kingdom of Christ.

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Palamism Isn’t

Orthodox Icon of St Gregory Palamas

“The first thing we must understand about Palamism, is that there is absolutely no such thing. Palamism is the invention of Roman Catholic thinkers — I will not call them theologians — who wanted to justify their own heresy by giving what is the undoubted and traditional teaching of the Orthodox Church an exotic label, turning it into an historically conditioned ‘ism.’

All St Gregory did was to express the age-old teaching of the Church within the framework of the contemporary controversy over the nature of Hesychast methods of prayer. Continue reading

Liturgical Adaptation (And the Danger of Legalism)

An image from the Divine Liturgy of the Orthodox ChurchFor Orthodox Christians – especially for converts like myself – it is very easy to get carried away with our fervor and passion for the Church and to therefore develop unrealistic and fanciful notions about the more “organic” or “developed” parts of our Church and Her Tradition.

The Church is infallible in one sense and it also has a very clearly defined dogma regarding Christ and the Trinity that has been “once for all delivered to the saints” – and this word “delivered” could most-literally be translated “traditioned” in English.

In our zeal for the truth of our Church’s steadfastness and resoluteness in both doctrine and practice, we often forget about all the areas that the Church has adapted itself for new cultures, new languages and new ways to express and promote these eternal and unchanging truths. This often leads to the repetition of half-truths and myths about the Orthodox Church as well as a tendency towards legalism and finger-pointing over issues that are not essential to salvation. I know that I’ve been guilty of this, and I’d imagine it is a common phenomenon for many over-excited converts. Perhaps some branches of the Orthodox Church are more guilty of this than others, as well, but that’s not for me to judge.

One such topic that I’ve seen this is in regards to the Divine Liturgy – the primary worship experience of the Orthodox Church.

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Israel as the People of God – Part Two: The Land of Israel

Read Part One: Who is a Jew?

Jerusalem in the present day

So then, what promises did God make to the Hebrews regarding the land of Israel, and how does that correlate to the modern nation-state of Israel in the middle east today?

This is where things get really dicey, especially when considering present-day politics and the beliefs of evangelical Christians on this very point.

Considering that the “Christian vote” essentially determines an election in the U.S. and that evangelical Christians represent a large segment of American, Christian voters (dwarfed only by Roman Catholics), any candidate that doesn’t wholeheartedly support the nation-state of Israel has written for themselves a death sentence (as Obama has learned recently, with his less-than-stellar relationship with Benyamin Netanyahu and suggesting that Israel give back some land to the Palestinians).

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Israel as the People of God – Part One: Who is a Jew?

Orthodox Icon of the Holy Prophet MosesMost evangelical Christians today believe that the “Jews” are the true ”children of God” and that they hold a distinct place in “God’s eyes” from that of the Church, despite their rejection of the Messiah (Jesus) and His Gospel – and subsequently, their rejection of traditional and Scriptural “Judaism” or the religion of the ancient Hebrew people (as taught by the “old testament” Scriptures). In other words, the Church is just a bump on the log of redemptive history, and the “main event” revolves around the Jewish people.

To even begin to dive into this subject (which is extremely controversial in the present day, especially among American, evangelical sects of Christianity), it is necessary to take a giant leap backwards and consider many ideas and concepts individually, in order to do this overview any justice whatsoever. While these viewpoints are a drastic minority in both present day Christianity and in Church history, they represent an extremely influential viewpoint among protestants in the United States (but this has been the case only since the mid-19th century).

For example:

Who are the Jews, and what makes one “Jewish?”

What promises did God make to the Hebrews regarding the land of Israel, and how does that correlate to the modern nation-state of Israel in the middle east today?

What do the Scriptures say regarding Israel and how the Hebrew people are to be considered in relation to the Christian Church?

It is along these three questions that I will attempt to give an extremely brief and broad-reaching analysis of Israel as the “people of God.”

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