Lent, Have Mercy

Giving up TV for LentWell, friends, it is that time of year again: the (annoying) time of year when a great number of people in the world – for seemingly no particular reason at all – “give up something” for Lent. Buddhist, Protestant, Latin, Agnostic … they’re all in.

For many, it is nothing more than an attempt at “discipline.” We can liken this to “new year’s resolutions” – those pesky ideals that help drive retail sales of vitamins, energy bars and exercise equipment around the first two weeks of January. I say “an attempt at discipline,” because – for the most part – no one really follows through or makes it out of January alive. This is not because the ambitions are beyond one’s potential reach, necessarily, but because we live in a culture of excess, self-satisfaction and pleasure, and are simply ill-equipped (most of us having a “will” that is in bondage to sin and not wholly “free”) to handle the prospect of extended discipline.

In these cases, it doesn’t really matter what “faith tradition” one comes from, and the “fad” of “giving up stuff for Lent” is neither spiritual nor inherently Christian. It is empty, bare, legalistic, pseudo-asceticism practiced by those without any experience of true asceticism (or what that requires) at all. Like most things in America today, it is a trend that will eventually go by the wayside. One can only hope, honestly.

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Orthodox Milk

“We have much to say [...] but it is hard to explain because you have become slow at understanding. For although by this time you should be teachers, you still need to have someone teach you even the basic principles of God’s oracles. You have come to need milk, and not solid food. Everyone who lives on milk is not experienced in the word of righteousness; such a person is a baby. But solid food is for those who are fully grown, who have trained their senses to discern good and evil.”
Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Hebrews 5:11-14

Milk from GreeceI think we Orthodox Christians in the United States underestimate just how much our culture influences, shapes and controls us, and that in a profoundly negative way. Orthodox Christianity “across the pond” has been through some interesting times, to say the least.

What was once really no more than a small, newly-founded missionary effort has since become a place of excitement and the locus of promising growth for the Orthodox Church – even in spite of the many difficulties that were presented by the communist rule over Russia and into eastern Europe in recent memory (and our disconnect with their past). But still, despite the introduction of Orthodoxy to the American culture in the last century or so, we must come to grips with the predominate, individualistic, “whatever works for you” worldview that pervades every aspect of society (and churches).

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Hypocrisy as the American Dream

AntigoneNo doubt the result of several fairly recent historical developments, American “Christianity” has produced a whole generation of hypocrites. The hypocrisy of which I’m speaking is found most commonly at the individual level and is part and parcel of our relativistic, “whatever works for you” culture. To put it in fancy, theological words, American Christians have become ontologically and epistemologically Modalists.

Modalism (or Sabellianism) was a heresy that spread in the first few centuries of the Church and espoused that God was one Person but that He simply took on different “modes” or “forms” (as a single Person). God the Father was one “form,” and then He revealed Himself as the “form” of God the Son and then finally as God the Holy Spirit. At no one time were all three “forms” existing concurrently. It was as if God simply put on a different “mask” whenever it suited Him. This is a denial of the Orthodox view of the Trinity, of course, wherein God is three Persons in one Essence (without beginning or end).

Unfortunately, as an aside, there are many actual Modalist movements in the world today, such as some branches of Pentecostalism. Really, any “church” that emphasizes the Holy Spirit over Christ and the Father are semi-Modalist in scope, and this is easy to spot because of their emphasis on “experiences” of the Holy Spirit and ecstatic, chaotic nonsense – while they de-emphasize or undermine the role of the Church (which is the Body of Christ) and His Incarnation and role as its Head (remember, Christ said He would never leave us – cf. St Matt. 28:18-20) as well as the leadership role of men (a de-emphasis of the role of God the Father in the union of the Trinity) in the Church. In other words, just turn your television to TBN and you’ll see this clearly.

The word “hypocrite” comes from the Greek ὑπόκρισις which can mean “play-acting” or “coward” depending on the context, and was also used in reference to a stage actor in the ancient world. In other words, someone who played several different characters on stage was a “hypocrite,” as he adorned different masks, costumes and voices to play varying characters. He was not a solitary Person with a single “form,” but a Person with multiple “forms” or appearances, depending on the context (and never more than one “form” at once).

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Clerical Dress and American Worship

An Eastern Orthodox priest.This might not be a very popular post …

Schmemann began his book For the Life of the World with the phrase “Man is what he eats,” quoting the German philosopher Feuerbach. In a similar fashion (wait for the pun), I believe that “man is what he wears.”

Yes, friends, the way we dress matters. It shapes and transforms the way we think, the way we work, the way we act and – most importantly for the Christian – the way we worship. While the rationalism of our Enlightenment culture might deny the effects of “matter” (you know, earthy stuff), simply denying the reality of something doesn’t make it true. Everyone knows that when you dress professionally, you are more productive and focused at work, and that dressing in a casual manner actually reduces productivity and the mental faculties of the average person – these are widely accepted viewpoints, it seems. In a similar way, surrounding yourself with certain decorations or trappings can affect the way one thinks and acts, as well. Aesthetics matter.

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I Love Religion

Orthodox Temple of Saint Sava

I’m glad that Fr Andrew replied to this silly video – it saves me a lot of trouble.

Regardless, a key here is that simply saying “All I need is Jesus, not religion” is the most complicated religion of all, for all it does is pose an infinite amount of follow-up questions: Which Jesus? Who is Jesus? What did he do? Why do I need him? How do I live for him? etc.

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Tim Tebow and the Saints

All the SaintsThe recent Tim Tebow fascination and hysteria (among evangelicals, especially) is a reminder of the fact that most Americans (especially American, evangelical Christians) are held captive by Iconoclasm.

As C.S. Lewis once pointed out, when there is no king or monarch to venerate (honor), people will seek out celebrities and even deviants to hold up as worthy of honor. This, of course, explains the American fascination (voyeurism) with regards to celebrities (TMZ, Entertainment Tonight, People magazine, etc.) as well as “reality television” – a most horrendous form of entertainment where literally anyone can be venerated for simply pretending to live their day-to-day lives in front of a television camera.

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Putting the “Mass” Back into Christmas (and Other Bumper Sticker Ideas)

Icon of the Nativity of ChristI’ve seen a lot of rather lovely blog posts, articles, etc. from fellow Orthodox Christians these days regarding the Christmas holiday season.

Of course, living in America (or the secular West in general) during Christmas season means having to endure countless references to an elven “Santa” figure – a mythical product of Evangel-o-Deistic-Protestant-Capital-ism where one of the Church’s most holy, upright and Godly Saints is turned into an enduring symbol for capitalism and materialistic consumption – Lord, have mercy!

In addition to this, we must also endure the predictable rants of evangelicals as they lament over the usage of phrases like “Happy Holidays!” instead of “Merry Christmas!” as well as “Xmas” on Twitter.

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Israel as the People of God – Part Three: Israel and the Church

Read Part One: Who is a Jew?
Read Part Two: The Land of Israel

As I come to my last entry on this subject, I must admit that this is to me the simplest and most straightforward point one could make with regards to Israel. While I grew up in a tradition that wrongly saw the Jews of today as “God’s chosen people” and in a place of favor even greater than that of the Church, I now believe the truth – and it seems to be a rather plain one in the Scriptures. I find it hard to understand how people can miss this who claim such an admiration for the Scriptures, but I digress. This isn’t about pointing fingers – I was there once. Lord, have mercy on us all.

So then, the last topic to cover with regards to Israel as the “people of God” is how Israel relates to the Church.

To put it plainly, the Church is Israel; that is, the Church replaces and takes its place as Israel or God’s “chosen people,” called out from the world and set apart as His own.

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American Idol-atry

Emperor Saint Theodosius the GreatI read online yesterday that the situation in the colonies prior to the Revolutionary War was so mild compared to today, that we really have no reason to be celebrating our independence from Great Britain any longer.

And yet, here we are – another year replete with conflict, economic turmoil, violation of humanity and the most idolatry ever known to mankind in its entire history – celebrating our independence from the Brits and their “oppressive” King.

Really, the financial tribute we had to give to King George was pennies compared to the way Americans are taxed and abused by the IRS today. If anything, we should be staging a revolution to go back in time and remain under his authority!

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Israel as the People of God – Part One: Who is a Jew?

Orthodox Icon of the Holy Prophet MosesMost evangelical Christians today believe that the “Jews” are the true ”children of God” and that they hold a distinct place in “God’s eyes” from that of the Church, despite their rejection of the Messiah (Jesus) and His Gospel – and subsequently, their rejection of traditional and Scriptural “Judaism” or the religion of the ancient Hebrew people (as taught by the “old testament” Scriptures). In other words, the Church is just a bump on the log of redemptive history, and the “main event” revolves around the Jewish people.

To even begin to dive into this subject (which is extremely controversial in the present day, especially among American, evangelical sects of Christianity), it is necessary to take a giant leap backwards and consider many ideas and concepts individually, in order to do this overview any justice whatsoever. While these viewpoints are a drastic minority in both present day Christianity and in Church history, they represent an extremely influential viewpoint among protestants in the United States (but this has been the case only since the mid-19th century).

For example:

Who are the Jews, and what makes one “Jewish?”

What promises did God make to the Hebrews regarding the land of Israel, and how does that correlate to the modern nation-state of Israel in the middle east today?

What do the Scriptures say regarding Israel and how the Hebrew people are to be considered in relation to the Christian Church?

It is along these three questions that I will attempt to give an extremely brief and broad-reaching analysis of Israel as the “people of God.”

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The Prophecy of Joel, Israel, the Eucharist, Hell … and the Church

A painting of the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70

Radical “end times” fascination abounds right now in the West, and has for the last century or so.

Since many people’s interpretations of the Scriptures are focused around Israel and the happenings in and around the middle east, many are finding a new reason daily to expect the imminent return of Christ and something called the “rapture.”

This sort of “newspaper theology” as I’ve heard Gary Demar and others refer to it is not only an unnecessary cause of anxiety but also a poor reading of the Scriptures and one markedly absent from the history of the Church (until recently, at least, and only in the protestant “West”).

I was reading a blog by one such evangelical about two weeks ago on the prophecy of Joel and how it is being fulfilled today through particular world events (most of which pertaining to the modern nation-state of Israel, Russia, the United States, etc.). This person noticeably ignored the fact that Saint Peter  said that Joel was fulfilled in the first century and in the pouring out of the Holy Spirit on the apostles on the day of Pentecost, AD 33 (cf. Acts of the Apostles, Ch. 2). The remainder of the prophecy is easily seen fulfilled in the events following the sending of the Holy Spirit and leading up to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70 (which Christ also predicted, and in the exact time frame he predicted it! – within one generation).

Seeing this rather silly post on Joel led me to study this short prophetic work and to see what the mind of the Orthodox fathers is on these prophecies and descriptions surrounding Israel, etc. Rather than finding any references to Israel as a nation, instead I found an abundance of fascinating and helpful admonitions and insights regarding the Church - the true Israel.

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Banking with Jesus

Money Money Money

I remember hearing sermons about “tithing” when I was an evangelical, and how if you tithed, God would bless you and take care of you. We were always told not to worry about being able to pay bills and make ends meet when tithing, because basically God would “take care of it” somehow, even if it was a rational fact that you’d be out of money before the next paycheck (if you tithed that magical 10% of your gross income).

Now, I’m not about to say that this is complete nonsense. I’m tempted to, but I won’t quite go there.

I know of many cases where people were struggling to make ends meet, but they continued to tithe and they were “okay” in the end. They made ends meet and the tithing didn’t bankrupt them or put them on the streets. Of course, most evangelical Christians would attribute this to God’s care for these people, and I can’t say I disagree, really.

That said, I don’t believe “tithing” is some magical means of investment banking with Jesus. I know there are many heterodox “charismatic” people that do believe this, and preach almost exclusively along these lines. Some call this a “prosperity gospel” where the purpose of the gospel is essentially boiled down to prosperity and being rewarded for faithfulness. To this, I wholeheartedly cry foul. This is truly nonsense.

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God Loves Osama Bin Laden

"God is Love"

Hatred is often called “blind.” Perhaps this is because when we are aroused in our passions (or “sinfulness”), we are unable to discern between “good and evil.” Rather than seeing only the light of God, we are overcome with darkness and left to fumble around like a blind person. Our soul is laid aside for the sake of our flesh.

Before I say anything further, I’m going to assume a few things:

Let’s assume for the moment that a man named “Osama Bin Laden” exists, that he is who our media tells us he is (or was), and that he was “responsible for” the incidents of September 11, 2001, wherein two airplanes were crashed into the World Trade Center towers in New York City (and supposedly another was forced to the ground in Pennsylvania and yet another striking the Pentagon in Washington, DC), resulting in the death of around 3,000 people (mostly US citizens). Let’s also assume that this man died recently due to a strategic attack led by US special forces in the sovereign nation of Pakistan.

For those who have done any amount of honest, unbiased research into these events, I realize this is assuming a LOT, but I won’t get into all of those issues right now.

That said, we are presented with a situation here in the US where people are going to react. For those who have relatives, etc. that lost their lives on September 11, 2001 or during the subsequent, countless military operations throughout the middle east, there is certainly presented an opportunity to react with strong emotion and to a depth few of us can understand or empathize with.

So then, what is the proper reaction? I’m asking this, you understand, as a Christian – not with some indefinable, modern “morality” that is determined by convention or the whims of cultural relativism (nor by the State or the tenets of our long-forgotten Constitution, etc.).

As a Christian, how are we to react to the death of another person?

For many, this question is answered with a question: Which person?”

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Children and the World

Several times a day, my (almost two-year-old) daughter exclaims how “pretty” something is, shows excitement over familiar objects, animals or people, and declares various foods she has eaten many times before to be “yummy.”

Palestinian Christian children celebrating the Feast of Palm SundayWe often speak of children and their innocence. They are as-of-yet “un-stained by the world and its desires,” and they have a consistently fresh and refreshing outlook on the world around them. However, there is much more to this reality than how “cute” it is. There is a generous amount of deep and transformative Theology shown by children and their behavior.

It is certainly true that children are not yet “affected” by the world as adults are.

On the one hand, modern people might see this in a negative light. In other words, children are immature, uneducated, simplistic and naïve, since they lack the experience and knowledge of a seasoned and aged adult.

For the Christian, however, the situation is (or should be) reversed.

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What Did Christ Accomplish?: Rob Bell, Evangelical Bickering and the Gospel of St Ignatius

Icon of Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Martyrdom

“Hence every kind of magic was destroyed, and every bond of wickedness disappeared; ignorance was removed, and the old kingdom abolished, God Himself being manifested in human form for the renewal of eternal life. And now that took a beginning which had been prepared by God. Henceforth all things were in a state of tumult, because He mediated the abolition of death.”
St Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians, Ch. 19

In his letter to the Church at Ephesus, the Apostolic Father St Ignatius writes of the glories of Christ’s Incarnation and our deliverance from the Evil One and death. For the Orthodox Christian, this is a message of great joy and triumph, as the bonds of Hades have now been loosed due to Christ’s triumph over death itself.

However, modern evangelical Christians — many of whom have likely never even read one of St Ignatius’ epistles — would scoff at St Ignatius’ message above as being abhorrent and unrecognizable as the Gospel, since it doesn’t contain main of their pet doctrines and distinctives (traditions of men, if you will, since many of them are absent from all of Catholic and Orthodox Christianity). It might even be characterized as a “new” and “Liberal” theology, inspired by various philosophical and political discussions of the last two centuries. How ironic, considering this great Father lived in the age of the Apostles, was appointed in Antioch as Bishop by St Peter himself, and died a martyr’s death in AD 108. We are so arrogant in our man-made traditions and ideas that we would call this Saint a “liberal” in today’s evangelical climate. I mean, St Ignatius sat on Jesus’ lap (cf. St Matthew 18:2-4; traditions hold that this infant was St Ignatius) and was taught by His Apostles directly. It doesn’t get any more Apostolic and genuine than that! He knows the true Gospel because he saw it with his own eyes — and died for it.

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The Myth of the Middle Ground

St John the Theologian and the Deacon Prochorus on PatmosWhen reading Holy Scripture, there are a multitude of ways one could approach any particular text or story. Indeed, post-Catholic Western Christianity has suggested many such ways, with some even going so far as to say that one way is “the way” to interpret and understand any given passage of Scripture. However, most of this effort is seen in the context of academia and not necessarily within a Sacramental or Liturgical context. In a sense, much of this study is divorced from the Life of the Church altogether, and tragically so, resulting in little more than “traditions of men” imposed upon the Holy Scriptures.

The Church of Rome posits two ways to distinguish the “senses” of Scripture, dividing into the “literal” and the “spiritual” senses, with the spiritual sense subdivided into the “allegorical, moral and anagogical senses” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, § 115-119).

For the Orthodox Christian, we are given various guidelines and instructions throughout the centuries as well, and I won’t begin to go into all of those here. However, perhaps the most helpful way to understand Scripture from an Orthodox perspective is that of “personal” interpretation.

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